01Philip Augustus built a fortress beside the Seine at the end of the 12th century. Its medieval foundations remain visible beneath the Sully wing.
02Francis I transformed the fortress into a Renaissance palace. Later rulers expanded its courts, galleries and ceremonial rooms; after Louis XIV moved the court to Versailles, the Louvre increasingly housed academies, artists and the royal collection.
03The museum opened to the public in 1793. Royal collections, archaeology, purchases and gifts expanded its reach. I. M. Pei’s glass Pyramid opened in 1989, creating a modern entrance at the heart of the historic palace.
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