FRA9 FILE · Justice & rights
Understanding the French justice system
Courts, procedures and appeals: a clear map of a complex system.
Civil lawCriminal lawAdministrative lawAppeals
Courts, procedures and appeals: a clear map of a complex system.
01Civil law02Criminal law03Administrative law
Three broad branches
Judicial courts handle civil and criminal matters; administrative courts settle disputes with public authorities. The Constitutional Council reviews laws within its constitutional remit.
Key points✦ Civil law✦ Criminal law✦ Administrative law✦ Appeals
From first decision to appeal
Depending on the case, a decision may go to a court of appeal and then, on points of law, to the Court of Cassation or Council of State. Deadlines differ sharply, so formal notices must be read immediately.
Access to legal help
Justice centres, local legal-access points, bar associations and legal aid can guide or fund assistance. Emergencies, police custody or appeal deadlines require prompt professional advice.
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